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top back to Ammo ammo basics - ammo specifications - ammo pricing Stopping Power - Energy Table - Ballistics
Energy relates to how much stored up work can be done and is based upon the mass of the projectile divided by two and its velocity squared. Momentum relates to the duration and force required to start or to stop an object and is based upon mass and simple velocity. Ammunition manufacturers use energy to describe the power of a cartridge. US Army field studies slaughtering cattle indicate that power may be more closely related to momentum. The answer may lie somewhere in the middle. The concept of stopping power adds more complexity, because target anatomy and shot placement may be more important than anything else. Firepower can be demonstrated by a .50 cal machine gun burst, but unless the target is hit, a well placed .22 would have more stopping power. In a gunfight, the successful outcome depends most upon the mindset developed by positive attitude and preparation, and skill from practicing with reliable equipment.
This table of stopping power uses a formula favoring momentum over energy. The formula multiplies the bullet’s base area in square inches times its weight in grains times its velocity in feet per second, then divides by an arbitrary number (1000) to get a result which can be compared easily.
Caliber Bore Diameter Base Weight Velocity Power
500 S&W .500 .1963 400 1800 141.37 454 Casull .451 .1598 300 1630 78.14 44 Magnum .429 .1445 240 1400 48.55 41 Magnum .410 .1320 250 1250 41.25
45 ACP .451 .1598 230 850 31.24 40 Smith & Wesson .401 .1263 180 990 22.51 357 Magnum .357 .1001 158 1240 19.61
9mm Luger .355 .0990 124 1120 13.75 38 Special .357 .1001 158 760 12.02 380 Auto .355 .0990 95 1000 9.41
32 Auto .308 .0745 65 950 4.60 25 Auto .250 .0491 50 800 1.96 22 Long Rifle .220 .0380 40 900 1.37 Handgun wounding factors and effectiveness http://www.firearmstactical.com/pdf/fbi_10mm_notes.pdf Terminal ballistics seen in the morgue ammo basics - ammo specifications - ammo pricing Stopping Power - Energy Table - Ballistics
You can calculate the energy of any bullet by multiplying its weight in grains by the velocity factor below.
Velocity 00 20 40 60 80 Velocity 00 20 40 60 80
500 .55 .60 .65 .70 .75 2000 8.88 9.06 9.25 9.42 9.60 600 .80 .85 .91 .96 1.02 2100 9.80 9.98 10.17 10.36 10.55 700 1.08 1.15 1.21 1.28 1.34 2200 10.74 10.94 11.14 11.34 11.54 800 1.42 1.49 1.56 1.64 1.72 2300 11.74 11.95 12.16 12.37 12.58 900 1.79 1.87 1.96 2.04 2.13 2400 12.78 13.00 13.22 13.44 13.66
1000 2.22 2.31 2.40 2.49 2.59 2500 13.88 14.10 14.32 14.55 14.78 1100 2.68 2.78 2.88 2.99 3.09 2600 15.01 15.24 15.48 15.71 15.96 1200 3.19 3.30 3.41 3.52 3.63 2700 16.19 16.43 16.67 16.91 17.16 1300 3.75 3.86 3.98 4.10 4.22 2800 17.41 17.66 17.91 18.16 18.42 1400 4.35 4.47 4.60 4.73 4.86 2900 18.67 18.93 19.19 19.45 19.72
1500 5.00 5.13 5.26 5.40 5.54 3000 19.98 20.25 20.52 20.79 21.06 1600 5.68 5.82 5.97 6.12 6.26 3100 21.33 21.61 21.39 22.17 22.45 1700 6.41 6.57 6.72 6.88 7.03 3200 22.73 23.02 23.30 23.59 23.88 1800 7.19 7.35 7.51 7.68 7.84 3300 24.18 24.47 24.77 25.06 25.36 1900 8.01 8.18 8.35 8.53 8.70 3400 25.66 25.97 26.27 26.58 26.89
ammo basics - ammo specifications - ammo pricing Stopping Power - Energy Table - Ballistics
Federal ammunition ballistics:
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